Session/Tracks

Track 01: Endocrinology and Diabetes

Endocrinology is defined as a branch of biological science that mainly deals with the study of the endocrine system and related functions, secretions, and diseases. It is also concerned and related with the developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and it is also related with the psychological or behavioural activities of metabolism, growth, and development, tissue function, sleep, digestion, respiration, excretion, mood, stress, lactation, movement, reproduction, and sensory perception which are caused by hormones which are secreted by the endocrinology. Specializations include behavioural endocrinology and comparative endocrinology

Insulin, the hormone delivered by the beta cells in the pancreas, permits (glucose) cells to have the capacity to utilize glucose. The abundance of sugar stays in the blood and is then evacuated by the kidneys. This sickness happens in a few structures, yet the most well-known are Type I Diabetes or Juvenile Onset Diabetes or Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), Type II or Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), and Gestational.

Track 02: Endocrine Glands and Hormone

Endocrine Glands

Movement, reproduction, and sensory perception which are caused by hormones which are secreted by the endocrinology. Specializations include behavioural endocrinology and comparative endocrinology

Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus is located in the brain and its links the nervous and endocrine systems to each other.

Pituitary gland: It is located at the base of the brain and is closely connected to the hypothalamus.

Thyroid: The butterfly-shaped thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is located in front of the neck, just below the thyroid cartilage.

Parathyroid Gland: The parathyroid gland which is known for controlling calcium levels in the blood. The parathyroid is a small of glands which are present around the thyroid gland.

Thymus: The thymus is an important and specialized organ of the immune system. The thymus is responsible for controlling T-lymphocytes (T cells), which are critical cells of the adaptive immune system.

Ovaries: The ovary which is responsible for producing an ovum, often found in pairs in the female reproductive system.

Testes: The testicle is the male gonad. The primary functions of the testes are to produce inhibin, sperm and androgens, primarily testosterone.

Endocrine Hormones

Oxytocin: Oxytocin is a pituitary hormone that stimulates muscle contractions in the uterus during childbirth. These contractions cause the release of more oxytocin.

Glucagon: The hormone glucagon increases the level of sugar in the blood. It plays a vital part in maintaining the correct blood sugar level.

Female Reproductive Hormone: Estrogen is the female hormone secreted mainly in the ovaries. It is responsible for not only the development of the girl reproductive organs but it also controls her monthly menstrual cycle.

Male Reproductive Hormone: The male reproductive system consists of the penis, scrotum, and 2 testes. Male reproductive system screate sperm cells that combined with a female egg to produce a new human life. The testes and scrotum hang outside the body where it is cooler because it improves sperm production.

Epinephrine: Epinephrine is a hormone that works without the nervous system to prepare our body to cope with danger or stress. If you’re suddenly scared, your heartbeat increases, your breathing becomes steep and rapid.

Insulin: Insulin is a hormone that reduces the level of sugar in our blood. Insulin is a protein made by the pancreas. It is released when the blood sugar level rises and reduces the sugar in 2 ways. First, it makes insulin take up glucose.

Track 03: Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology

Essentially it meets to mysteries the combination of extracellular (hormones, synapses) and to the comprehension of cell administrative components associated with hormonal control and furthermore the hormonal control of separation, hormone controlled quality articulation. It likewise created hereditary and biochemical impacts.

The outlook circles all subjects linked to biochemical and molecular aspects of endocrine research and cell regulation. These involve: mechanisms of action of extracellular signals, interaction of these factors with receptors, generation, activity and role of intracellular signals such as cyclic nucleotides and calcium, hormone-supervised gene expression, structure and physicochemical traits of hormones, hormone receptors and other hormone-binding components, synthesis, secretion, metabolism and incurvation of hormones, neurotransmitters, hormonal control of discernment, related control mechanisms in non-mammalian systems, methodological and theoretical aspects related to hormonal control processes.

Track 04: Adrenal and Thyroid Disorders

Adrenal glands are small glands which are located on top of each kidney. They produce those hormones without which we can't live, including sex hormones and cortisol. Cortisol is that hormone which helps you respond to stress and has many other important functions as well. In Cushing's syndrome, cortisol amount is too much, while on the other hand with Addison's disease, there is too little. The thyroid gland which influences almost all of the metabolic processes in our body. Thyroid disorders which can be range from a small, harmless goiter (enlarged gland) which required no treatment to life-threatening cancer. Too much thyroid hormone present in our body results in a condition known as hyperthyroidism. Insufficient hormone production leads to hypothyroidism.

Track 05: Endocrine and Diabetes Disorders

Endocrine Disorders are the disorders when a gland produces too much or too little of an endocrine hormone in the body, called a hormone imbalance and this is due to the development of lesions in the endocrine system, which may or may not affect hormone levels.

Cushing's disease - When Overproduction of the hormone by pituitary gland led to an overactive adrenal gland. A similar condition is called Cushing's syndrome may occur in people, particularly in children, those who take high doses of corticosteroid medications.

Hyperthyroidism - When the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, which leads to weight loss, fast heart rate, sweating, and nervousness. The most common cause for an overactive thyroid is an autoimmune disorder which is called Grave's disease.

Hypothyroidism - When the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, which leads to fatigue, constipation, dry skin, and depression because of the underactive gland can also lead to slowed development in children

Multiple endocrine neoplasias - These rare, genetic conditions are passed down through families. They cause tumours of the parathyroid, adrenal, and thyroid glands, which leads to overproduction of the hormones.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - Overproductions of androgens led to interference with the development of eggs and also their release from the female ovaries. PCOS is a leading factor of infertility.

Tract 06: Endocrine and Diabetes Biomarkers

A biomarker is any substance, structure, or process that should be measurable in the body or its products and it also influences or predicts the incidence of outcome or disease. For predicting type 1 diabetes, a biomarker should be present in a subset of the population, and this subset should have an influence on the proportion of people in whom this type 1 diabetes develops. A biomarker should also present a significant risk for the development of type 1 diabetes within a defined period of time or diagnose a “stage” in the progression to clinical or symptomatic type 1 diabetes. As described in this article, most of the biomarkers are  used for the prediction of type 1 diabetes are islet-specific supporting the concept that, before overt hyperglycaemia, type 1 diabetes is generally predominantly a targeted disease rather than a systemic disease.

  • Prognostic marker
  • Diabetic nephropathy marker
  • Molecular marker for metabolic syndrome
  • Molecular Marker-Hypoglycaemic response
  • Inflammatory markers 

Track 07Pediatric Endocrinology

Pediatric endocrinology is a branch of medicine and biology which generally deals with the disorders in endocrine glands, that affects variations in physical growth or sexual development in children, diabetes and many more other diseases. The most common disease of this is type 1 diabetes, which usually accounts for at least 50% of a typical clinical practice. The other most common problem is growth disorders, especially those amenable to growth hormone treatment.

Pediatric endocrinologists are usually the primary physicians that involve in the medical care of infants and children with intersex disorders. The specialty also deals with hypoglycaemia and other forms of hyperglycaemia during infant stage, during puberty, as well as other adrenals, sexual, thyroid, and pituitary problems. Many pediatric endocrinologists show interests and they are experts in bone metabolism, lipid metabolism, adolescent gynaecology, or inborn errors of metabolism.

Track 08: Bone Health and Osteoporosis

Since osteoporosis can develop without any evident symptoms, it is usually up to endocrinologists to spot this often-overlooked signs of bone loss and conduct research so that we can improve understanding of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Use our conference scientific sessions, journal articles, to learn about recent molecular discoveries and evolving new treatment options for the rare metabolic bone diseases and osteoporosis in patients of all ages.

Track 09: Diabetic & Endocrine Diagnostic Tools and Tests

Adrenal Venous which is used for Sampling Aldosterone, Androgen Levels, Angiography, Arginine Stimulation Test Bilateral Simultaneous Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling (IPSS) with CRFB, Basal Acid Output (BAO), Bone Marrow, Arterial Stimulation with Venous Sampling, Autonomic Function Tests Aspirate

C-peptide Suppression Test, Calcium Infusion Test for Medullary Cancer of the Thyroid, Captopril Test, Clomiphene Test, Clonidine Suppression Test, Cortisol Day Curve, Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test,CRH Test, Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy, Fine Needle Aspiration of a Thyroid Nodule (FNA), Fasting Test,  Exercise Test, Finger Size Assessment, Gastric Acid Secretion, Glucagon Test, Glucose Tolerance Test,

Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone GnRH/LHRH TestOctreoscan, Insulin: Glucagon Ratio, Therapeutic Trial of ddAVP, Hyperaldosteronism Investigations, Hyperparathyroidism Investigations Tolbutamide Test, Insulin Tolerance Test,  Intravenous Secretin Test, Investigating Systemic Mastocytosis, Ischemic Lactate Test

High Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test, Long Synacthen Test, Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test, Measuring Skin-fold Thickness, MIBG ScanHydrocortisone Day Curve (HCDC),   Combined Pituitary Function Tests (CPT), Hydroxy-corticosterone (18-OHB) and - cortisol (18-OHF) Tests, Operative Management of Pituitary Tumours, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for Acromegaly, Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test

Pentagastrin Test for Medullary Cancer of the Thyroid, Pentolinium Suppression Test, Percutaneous Trans-hepatic Portal Venous Sampling, Peripheral Venous Sampling for Ectopic Sources of ACTH,Petrosal Sinus Sampling, Post-Radioactive Iodine Test,  Pro-insulin and C-peptide, Operative Investigation of Thyroid Carcinoma, Posture Studies, Prolonged Supervised Fast test.

Screening for Ovulation, Selective Arterial Injection for the Localization of Gastrinomas and Insulinomas, Selenium Cholesterol Scanning for Conn's Tumours Short Synacthen Test, Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) Test, Ultrasound, Visual Field Testing (Goldmann perimetry), Water Deprivation Test, Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) Test

 

Track 10: Endocrinology - Male & Female Reproductive Health

Reproductive Endocrinology is a sub-specialty of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. It is a very important part of obstetrics and gynecology in which the physician is usually trained in reproductive medicine explaining about hormonal functioning as it indirectly relates to reproduction. Reproductive Endocrinologist is trained to evaluate and treat malfunctioning in females and males outside infertility. They have special training in obstetrics and gynaecology before they undergo sub-specialty training in Reproductive endocrinology and infertility.

Female endocrinology:

Female endocrinology has to do largely with the reproductive cycle which is control by estrogen and other cyclical female hormones. Related issues of female endocrinology that the endocrinologist may help evaluate and provide care includes:

  • Early or delayed menarche
  • Menstrual irregularity
  • Heavy, light or absent menses
  • Premenstrual syndrome
  • Perimenopause
  • Endocrine-related depression, fatigue or reduced sex drive
  • Hormone replacement therapy

Male Endocrinology:

The glands testes produce abnormally low amounts of testosterone, may receive testosterone replacement therapy. For some men, lower testosterone than normal produces no serious effects; for others, effects of this condition may include:

  • Reduced sexual function, in terms of libido, erections, and fertility
  • Insomnia or other sleep problems
  • Reduced in strength and muscle size, more body fat and lower bone density
  • Emotional changes, such as less confidence and motivation, mood swing and difficulty in concentration and memory.

Track 11: Obesity and Metabolic Disorders

Obesity can be preventable through a combination of social changes and personal choices. Diet plan and exercising are the main treatments. Diet quality can be improved by doing less consumption of energy-dense foods, such as those high in fat or sugars, and by increasing the intake of Fibrous food and rich in all type of protein.  Various ways can be adopted to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption by Medications, along with a suitable diet. If these ways such as diet, exercise, and medication are not effective, a gastric balloon or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume or length of the intestines, leading to feeling full earlier or reduce the ability to absorb nutrients from food.

A metabolic disorder occurs when the metabolism process of the body fails and causes the body to have either too much or too little of the essential substances that are required to stay healthy. Metabolic disorders can take place in various forms i.e. a missing enzyme or vitamin, an amino acid that's required for an important chemical reaction, abnormal chemical reactions that hinder metabolic processes and disease in the liver, pancreas, endocrine glands, or other organs involved in metabolism Nutritional deficiencies.

Metabolic disorders can be present at birth, and many can be identified by routine screening of the body. If a metabolic disorder is not identified in the early stage, then it may be diagnosed later in life, when symptoms appear. The genetic metabolic disorders can be diagnosed by specific blood and DNA test. The gut microbiota, which is a population of microorganisms that live in the human digestive track, also has an important part in metabolism and generally has a positive function for its host where they live. In terms of pathophysiological/mechanism interactions, the abnormal gut microbiome can play a role in metabolic disorder related to obesity.

Track 12: Neuroendocrinology

Neuroendocrinology is the investigation of the association between the nervous system and the endocrine system, including the organic components of the cells included, and how they convey. The apprehensive and endocrine frameworks often act along in a procedure referred to as neuroendocrine joining, to manage the physiological procedures of the flesh. Neuroendocrinology emerged from the acknowledgment that the mind, particularly the hypothalamus, controls discharge of pituitary organ hormones, and has in this manner extended to explore various interconnections of the endocrine and sensory systems. The neuroendocrine framework is that the system by that the neural structure takes care of homeostasis, managing propagation, digestion system, ingestion and drinking conduct, energy utilization, osmolality and circulatory strain.

Track 13: Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is the disease/ damaged caused by diabetes to your kidney, which in severe cases can lead to kidney failure. The waste from our blood is filtered by the tiny blood vessels present in our kidney; they can be destroyed by a high blood sugar level in our body. The body increases its water-retaining capacity and salts than required leads to weight gain and ankle swelling. This leads to malfunction or kidney failure in later stages. No symptoms are shown in earlier stages so, regular urine tests are required to detect any kidney damage.

Diabetes may also lead to damage to nerves, which can lead to difficulty in emptying your bladder and creating pressure injuring your kidney. Long-time retention of urine in the bladder leads to infections as bacterial growth in urine with high blood sugar level is high.

About 30% of patients with Type 1 diabetes and 10 to 40 % of those with Type 2 diabetes gradually will suffer from kidney failure and other forms of diseases.

Track 14: Diabetes Complication and Management

The main aim of diabetes complication and management is to bring carbohydrate metabolism to a normal state. In order to achieve it, patients with insulin deficiency are with insulin injections or pumps and patients with insulin resistance are treated with proper diet maintenance and exercise. The other complication caused due to other disease is to be treated or prevented. Maintaining a healthy diet is best to have a healthy living with or without diabetes.

Diabetes is the main factor for cardiovascular disease, development of other secondary conditions. Regular check-ups and medication on blood pressure, cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels, eye examination to prevent diabetic retinopathy, foot care specialist is better to prevent diabetes occurrence.

Track 15: Transgender - Medicine and Research

As we know throughout human history, there have been people who were transgender, individuals whose gender identity and expression differ from the sex they appear to be at birth. Some cultures accepted these differences, whereas others violently opposed them. The current world culture is in the middle of a sea change with regard to gender. And although there is still open hostility in some sectors, in many places, there is an increased openness toward people who are transgender.

Transgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex during birth. Transgender people are sometimes called transsexual if they desire medical assistance to change from one sex to another. Transgender is also an umbrella term: in addition to including those people whose gender identity is the opposite of their assigned sex after birth, it may include people who are not exclusively masculine or feminine.

Being transgender is independent of any sexual orientation: transgender people may be called as of different name such as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, asexual, or may not be able to decline to the label of their sexual orientation. The term transgender is also different from intersex, a term that describes people born with physical sex characteristics "that do not fit typical what we generally see male or female bodies”. The counterpart of transgender is cisgender, which describes persons whose gender identity or expression matches with their assigned sex.

 

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